Huong Dan Thiet Ke CCTV Nha Kho
Nha kho dat ra nhung thach thuc dac biet cho giam sat: tran cao, loi di hep, anh sang bien doi tai ben xep do va hoat dong 24/7. Huong dan nay bao gom lap ke hoach camera theo vung, lua chon thiet bi va thiet ke ha tang cho pham vi bao phu toan bo nha kho.
Muc Luc
Thach Thuc Dac Thu Cua Nha Kho
Thiet ke CCTV cho nha kho khac biet co ban so voi moi truong van phong hay ban le. Quy mo vat ly, dieu kien moi truong va mo hinh van hanh doi hoi su can nhac ky luong truoc khi chon bat ky camera nao.
Tran Cao (6-15m)
Tran nha kho thuong dao dong tu 6 met o cac trung tam phan phoi nho den 15 met tro len o cac co so co gia ke cao. Viec lap camera o toan bo chieu cao tran lam giam mat do pixel tren cac vat the o mat dat mot cach dang ke, khien viec nhan dang gan nhu khong the neu khong co ke hoach can than.
Loi Di Hep (1,5-3m)
Loi di gia ke thuong rong tu 1,5 den 3 met, tao ra cac hanh lang dai giong duong ham kho bao phu tu ben canh. Camera phai duoc dat o dau loi di hoac lap tren tru gia ke de nhin suot chieu dai.
Ben Xep Do Co Anh Sang Bien Doi
Ben xep do chiu su tuong phan anh sang cuc do. Khi cua cuon mo, anh sang mat troi choi loa tran vao noi that tuong doi toi. Camera tieu chuan khong co WDR (Wide Dynamic Range) se bi qua sang vung ngoai hoac noi that se hoan toan den.
Khu Vuc Lay Hang Mo Rong
Khu vuc nhan va xuat hang co the chiem hang tram met vuong khong gian mo. Cac khu vuc nay can bao phu tu tren cao bang camera lap o do cao du de tranh bi che khuat boi pallet xep chong va thiet bi lay hang.
Xe Nang va Rung Dong
Xe nang gay rung dong trong gia ke va cac cau kien. Camera lap tren tru gia ke phai su dung gia do giam chan. Cot nang xe nang cung co the che tam nhin camera, vi vay vi tri dat phai tinh den cac mo hinh di chuyen dien hinh.
Bui, O Nhiem va Nhiet Do Khac Nghiet
Nha kho tao ra bui lo lung tu vat lieu dong goi va hoat dong xe nang. Camera can bao ve IP66 tro len trong khu vuc bui nhieu. Kho lanh hoat dong o nhiet do tu -20 den -25 do C can camera chiu lanh cuc doan voi bo suoi tich hop de ngan dong suong ong kinh va dong bang.
Hoat Dong 24/7 Can IR
Nhieu nha kho hoat dong suot ngay dem voi anh sang giam trong gio thap diem. Camera phai co den hong ngoai (IR) hieu qua voi tam xa du de bao phu vung duoc giao trong dieu kien anh sang yeu hoac khong co anh sang. Dieu nay dac biet quan trong cho bao phu chu vi noi anh sang ngoai troi co the toi thieu.
Lap Ke Hoach Camera Theo Vung
Phuong phap hieu qua nhat cho thiet ke CCTV nha kho la chia co so thanh cac vung an ninh rieng biet, moi vung co yeu cau bao phu, loai camera va mat do pixel muc tieu rieng. Dieu nay ngan chan ca khoang trong bao phu va viec dat thong so ky thuat qua muc mot cach lang phi.
Chu Vi (Tuong Ngoai va Hang Rao)
Chu vi tao thanh tuyen phat hien dau tien. Su dung camera bullet voi den IR tich hop, do phan giai toi thieu 4MP, bo tri cach nhau 20 den 30 met doc theo hang rao. Camera nen duoc lap o do cao 3 den 4 met tren tru chuyen dung hoac gia do tuong, nghieng nhe xuong de bat duoc duong hang rao va vung dem hai ben.
Cho cac doan chu vi dai hon, ong kinh varifocal (4-6mm hoac 2.8-12mm) cho phep dieu chinh chinh xac goc nhin de loai bo diem mu giua cac camera lien ke. Tam IR nen it nhat 30 met de bao phu khoang cach giua cac vi tri camera.
Loi Vao va Loi Ra (Cua Di Bo va Cua Cuon)
Moi diem vao ra can bao phu o muc nhan dang: toi thieu 250+ pixel tren met (PPM). Nghia la khuon mat phai nhan dang ro rang va bien so xe phai doc duoc. Camera can dat o do cao 2,5 den 3 met, doi dien truc tiep diem vao, voi goc nhin hep de toi da mat do pixel tren nguoi den gan.
Cho loi vao xe, can danh camera rieng ghi bien so voi ong kinh 4mm hoac 6mm, nham vao do cao bien so (khoang 0,5 met tu mat dat), voi IR khong lam qua sang bien phan quang. Nhieu nha kho su dung bo hai camera tai cong xe: mot cho tong quan va mot chuyen ghi bien so.
Ben Xep Do
Moi ben xep do can camera goc rong (ong kinh 2.8mm) bao phu khu vuc ben, be can bang va ben trong xe tai gan nhat. Lap tren tuong phia tren cua ben o do cao 4 den 5 met. Them vao do, lap mot camera tong quan bao phu toan bo khu vuc ben tu vi tri goc cao de nam bat boi canh rong hon cua hoat dong xep do.
Chuc nang WDR la hoan toan can thiet cho camera ben. Khi cua mo, camera phai dong thoi phan biet chi tiet o vung ngoai sang va noi that toi hon. Tim camera co WDR 120dB tro len. WDR thuc (su dung cam bien da phoi sang) hieu qua hon nhieu so voi WDR so trong cac tinh huong tuong phan cuc doan nay.
Loi Di
Camera nen dat o moi dau loi di, huong vao trong de nhin suot chieu dai. Su dung camera dome chong pha hoai vi camera loi di de bi thao tac hon camera lap tren tran. Ong kinh 2.8mm cung cap du do rong cho loi di hep trong khi van giu chi tiet huu ich doc hanh lang.
Cho loi di dai hon 20 met, them camera o giua loi di de duy tri mat do pixel phu hop tren toan bo chieu dai. Khong co camera giua, vat the o cuoi loi di 30 met se co PPM cuc ky thap, giam ban ghi xuong muc phat hien toi da. Camera loi di nen lap tren tru gia ke o do cao 3 den 4 met thay vi tran de giu chi tiet hinh anh.
Khu Vuc Lay Hang va Dong Goi
Camera dome lap phia tren khu vuc lay hang va dong goi cho bao phu tot nhat cho khong gian mo. Len ke hoach mot camera cho moi 100 den 150 met vuong o do cao lap dat 6 den 8 met. Camera 4MP voi ong kinh 2.8 den 3.6mm cho phep bat cac khu vuc rong. Muc tieu la bao phu o muc quan sat: nhin thay hoat dong dang dien ra va theo doi hang hoa di chuyen, ngay ca khi nhan dang ca nhan duoc xu ly boi camera tai diem vao.
Trong khu vuc lay hang co gia tri cao (dien tu, duoc pham), tang mat do len mot camera cho moi 50 den 75 met vuong va su dung do phan giai cao hon (8MP) de cho phep ghi hinh o muc nhan dang.
Khu Vuc Van Phong va Hanh Chinh
O day ap dung bao phu noi that tieu chuan. Camera mini dome voi ong kinh 2.8mm o do cao lap dat 2,5 den 3 met. Tap trung vao diem vao khu van phong, phong may chu va bat ky phong nao luu tru tai lieu hoac thiet bi co gia tri. Cac camera nay thuong can do phan giai 2 den 4MP va khong can IR neu van phong co chieu sang tieu chuan trong gio lam viec.
Chon Camera Cho Tung Vung
Bang duoi day tom tat thong so camera khuyen nghi cho moi vung nha kho. Day la khuyen nghi co ban; can dieu chinh tuy theo kich thuoc cu the cua co so va yeu cau an ninh.
| Vung | Loai Camera | Do Phan Giai | Ong Kinh | Do Cao Lap Dat |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chu vi | Bullet IR | 4-8MP | 4-6mm | 3-4m |
| Loi vao | Dome / Bullet | 4MP+ | 2.8-4mm | 2.5-3m |
| Ben xep do | Dome WDR | 4MP+ | 2.8mm | 4-5m |
| Loi di | Dome | 2-4MP | 2.8mm | 4-6m |
| Khu lay hang | Dome | 4MP | 2.8-3.6mm | 6-8m |
| Van phong | Mini Dome | 2-4MP | 2.8mm | 2.5-3m |
Cho vung kho lanh, them camera co pham vi nhiet do hoat dong den -40 do C va bo suoi ong kinh tich hop. Camera tieu chuan se bi dong suong hoac hong hoan toan trong moi truong kho lanh chi sau vai phut lap dat.
Giai Phap Lap Dat Tran Cao
O do cao lap dat 8 met tro len, camera tieu chuan mat chi tiet dang ke tren vat the o mat dat. Camera 4MP o 8 met cho mat do pixel tuong duong camera 2MP o 4 met. Co the ap dung mot so chien luoc de giam thieu dieu nay:
Su Dung Do Phan Giai Cao Hon
Camera 8MP o 8 met cho mat do pixel tuong duong camera 4MP o 4 met. Cho tran tren 10 met, nen xem xet camera 12MP hoac cao hon neu ngan sach cho phep. Danh doi la nhu cau bang thong va luu tru tang len.
Gia Do Ha Thap va Tay Do Cot
Thay vi lap truc tiep len tran 12 met, su dung gia do treo ha thap hoac tay do cot de dua camera xuong 6 den 8 met. Dieu nay giam nua khoang cach den vat the va cai thien chat luong hinh anh dang ke. Dam bao gia do phu hop voi trong luong camera va duoc bao ve chong rung.
Gia Do Treo
Gia do treo treo camera dome ben duoi be mat lap dat va ly tuong cho tran nha kho cao. Chung mang lai lap dat gon gang, bao ve diem vao cap va cho phep nghieng camera ve phia khu vuc quan trong thay vi huong thang xuong noi bao phu it huu ich nhat.
Lap Tren Tru Gia Ke
Cho bao phu loi di, phuong phap hieu qua nhat la lap camera tren chinh tru gia ke o do cao 3 den 4 met, thap hon nhieu so voi tran. Dieu nay dat camera o khoang cach toi uu cho giam sat loi di. Su dung gia do giam chan de chong lai chuyen dong trong ket cau gia ke do xe nang gay ra.
Huong Ve Khu Vuc Quan Trong
Tranh lap camera huong thang xuong. Camera nen nghieng ve phia khu vuc quan trong nhu loi vao loi di, vung lay hang hoac khu luu tru gia tri cao. Camera nghieng su dung nhieu do phan giai ngang hon tren canh thay vi lang phi pixel tren san ngay ben duoi.
Chieu Sang va Van De IR
Dieu kien chieu sang trong nha kho hiem khi dong deu. Cac vung khac nhau dat ra thach thuc khac nhau va he thong camera phai xu ly tat ca mot cach dang tin cay.
Wide Dynamic Range (WDR) Cho Vung Ben
Camera tai ben xep do chiu tuong phan anh sang cuc doan nhat trong toan bo nha kho. Khi cua ben mo, camera dong thoi tiep xuc voi anh sang mat troi choi (100.000+ lux) va anh sang moi truong noi that (200-500 lux). Camera co WDR thuc voi dai dong 120dB tro len la can thiet. WDR so khong du cho muc tuong phan nay.
Tam IR Phai Khop Chieu Dai Loi Di
Cho camera loi di, tam den IR phai bao phu toan bo chieu dai loi di. Camera co tam IR 15 met o cuoi loi di 30 met chi chieu sang nua hanh lang. Chon camera co tam IR 30 met tro len cho loi di dai, hoac bo sung den IR ngoai o giua loi di.
Tranh Phan Xa IR Tu Pallet Boc Mang Co
Pallet boc mang co phan xa manh anh sang IR. Camera nham truc tiep vao hang boc mang se bi tran IR, tao ra dom trang sang che khuat chi tiet. Camera loi di nen duoc dat de nhin doc hanh lang, khong nhin truc tiep vao tuong pallet, va su dung camera co Smart IR hoac IR thich ung tu dong dieu chinh cuong do LED theo canh.
Den IR Bo Sung
Cho cac khu vuc lon, toi trong nha kho noi IR tich hop cua camera khong du, lap den IR ngoai chuyen dung. Chung cung cap chieu sang hong ngoai dong deu tren dien rong ma khong co van de dom dien hinh cua LED IR tren camera. Dat den de bo sung goc camera, tranh phan xa truc tiep nguoc lai ong kinh.
Quy Hoach Mang va Luu Tru
He thong CCTV nha kho dien hinh voi 20 den 30 camera tao ra luu luong du lieu lien tuc dang ke. Ha tang mang va luu tru phu hop la then chot de tranh mat khung hinh, gian doan ghi hinh va bat on he thong.
Uoc Tinh Bang Thong
Voi nen H.265, camera 4MP o 15fps tao ra khoang 2 den 4 Mbps moi luong. Cho he thong 30 camera, do la 60 den 120 Mbps luu luong mang lien tuc. Luon len ke hoach cho bang thong cao diem (canh nhieu chuyen dong tao nhieu du lieu hon) va them 20% du phong. Mang truc gigabit duoc quan ly la yeu cau toi thieu.
Yeu Cau Luu Tru
Cho 30 camera ghi lien tuc o 4MP/15fps voi nen H.265 va thoi gian luu tru 30 ngay, du kien khoang 15 den 25 TB tong dung luong. Gia tri nay thay doi theo do phuc tap canh (nhieu chuyen dong hon nghia la file lon hon). Su dung o cung chuyen dung giam sat (WD Purple, Seagate SkyHawk) thiet ke cho hoat dong ghi lien tuc. O cung desktop tieu chuan se hong som duoi tai ghi 24/7.
Nen H.265
Trong lap dat nha kho moi, luon su dung H.265 (HEVC) thay vi H.264. H.265 tiet kiem khoang 40% bang thong va luu tru o cung chat luong hinh anh. Moi camera IP va NVR hien dai deu ho tro H.265. Mot so nha san xuat cung cap bien the H.265+ hoac Smart Codec giam them nhu cau luu tru bang cach nen vung nen tinh.
Switch PoE va Cap
Su dung switch PoE (Power over Ethernet) voi du so cong cho tat ca camera cong cong du phong cho mo rong tuong lai. Cap Cat6 phai phu hop voi khoang cach yeu cau. Cat6 tieu chuan ho tro toi da 100 met moi doan. Cho camera cach switch hon 100 met (pho bien o nha kho lon), su dung cap quang voi bo chuyen doi media hoac trien khai switch PoE trung gian tai vi tri xa.
Di Cap Trong Nha Kho
Cap nen di trong mang cap phia tren chieu cao gia ke hoac doc theo dam ket cau. Khong bao gio di cap qua vung xe nang hoat dong hoac luu tru pallet. Trong khu vuc co nguy co hu hai vat ly, su dung ong bao ve boc thep. Tuyen cap nen duoc len ke hoach truoc khi lap dat de giam thieu tong chieu dai cap va tranh vuot gioi han 100 met cho Ethernet.