Ban Can Bao Nhieu Camera?
Qua it camera de lai nhung vung chet nguy hiem. Qua nhieu lang phi ngan sach. Huong dan nay trinh bay phuong phap co he thong, dua tren du lieu de tinh toan chinh xac so luong camera CCTV ma bat dong san cua ban yeu cau.
Muc Luc
Tai Sao So Luong Camera Quan Trong
Xac dinh sai so luong camera la mot trong nhung sai lam pho bien va ton kem nhat trong thiet ke he thong CCTV. Thieu he thong tao ra vung chet ma ke trom, ke cap va nhung doi tuong xau se chac chan khai thac. Neu su co nghiem trong xay ra ngoai tam nhin camera, toan bo khoan dau tu vao giam sat tro nen vo gia tri cho su kien do.
Mat khac, he thong qua nhieu camera lang phi ngan sach cho thiet bi, nhan cong lap dat, di cap, dung luong luu tru va bao tri lien tuc. Moi camera khong can thiet khong chi phat sinh chi phi khi mua ma con trong suot vong doi he thong thong qua yeu cau luu tru NVR tang, su dung bang thong mang va chu ky thay the.
Phuong phap co he thong dua tren dien tich phu song thuc te, bo tri bat dong san va muc tieu an ninh dam bao bo tri so luong camera phu hop tai dung vi tri. Muc tieu la phu song day du cac vung quan trong khong co khoang trong, dong thoi duy tri tong so camera hieu qua nhat co the.
Dien Tich Phu Song Moi Camera
Dien tich phu song hieu qua cua camera phu thuoc chu yeu vao tieu cu ong kinh, kich thuoc cam bien va do cao lap dat. Tieu cu ngan hon cho goc nhin rong hon nhung it chi tiet hon o xa. Tieu cu dai hon thu hep goc nhin nhung vuon xa hon voi chat luong hinh anh huu ich.
Bang duoi day trinh bay dien tich phu song hieu qua dien hinh cho cac to hop camera va ong kinh pho bien, gia dinh do cao lap dat tieu chuan (3m trong nha, 3-4m ngoai troi) va mat do pixel toi thieu du cho quan sat:
| Loai Camera | Ong Kinh | Dien Tich Phu Song | Phu Hop Nhat Cho |
|---|---|---|---|
| Dome trong nha | 2.8mm | ~15-25 m² | Phong nho, cua ra vao, hanh lang |
| Dome trong nha | 3.6mm | ~25-40 m² | Phong trung binh, van phong mo, mat bang ban le |
| Bullet ngoai troi | 2.8mm | ~30-50 m² | Loi vao toa nha, hien, san nho |
| Bullet ngoai troi | 4mm | ~50-80 m² | Duong vao, khu nhan hang, vung chu vi |
| Bullet ngoai troi | 6mm | ~80-150 m² | Bai do xe, khong gian mo lon, hang rao |
| Camera PTZ | Varifocal | Den ~300 m² | Khu vuc lon can giam sat chu dong |
Luu y quan trong ve camera PTZ: Mac du camera PTZ co the phu song co hoc den 300 m² hoac hon bang cach xoay va nghieng, no chi co the quan sat mot huong tai mot thoi diem. Camera PTZ khong bao gio nen duoc coi la thay the cho camera co dinh trong cac khu vuc yeu cau phu song lien tuc. Chung phu hop nhat lam camera bo sung de theo doi chu dong va dieu tra, luon co su ho tro cua camera co dinh ghi hinh moi thu.
Phuong Phap Tung Phong
Cach dang tin cay nhat de xac dinh so luong camera la di qua tung phong cua bat dong san mot cach co he thong, uu tien cac khu vuc theo tam quan trong an ninh. Phuong phap ba cap nay dam bao cac vung quan trong duoc phu song truoc tien va ngan sach duoc phan bo noi co tac dong lon nhat.
Uu Tien 1: Khu Vuc Quan Trong (Bat Buoc)
Nhung khu vuc nay yeu cau camera bat ke gioi han ngan sach nao. Chung dai dien cho rui ro an ninh cao nhat hoac tiem nang ton that lon nhat:
- •Tat ca diem vao va ra -- toi thieu 1 camera moi cua, cong hoac diem truy cap. Cua truoc va cua sau, loi vao ben, cua garage, cua thoat hiem. Day la yeu cau tuyet doi cho moi he thong an ninh.
- •Quay thu ngan va POS -- moi quay thu ngan can camera rieng voi goc nhin ro tu tren xuong hoac nghieng vao vung giao dich va ngan keo tien.
- •Phong gia tri cao -- phong may chu, ket sat, kho, phong luu tru thuoc, phong bang chung. Can camera rieng khong chia se phu song voi camera chung.
Uu Tien 2: Khu Vuc Phu (Khuyen Nghi Manh)
Day la nhung vung co mat do giao thong cao hoac rui ro cao giup cai thien dang ke phu song an ninh tong the:
- •Hanh lang va sanh -- hanh lang thang dai thuong co the phu song bang mot camera o mot dau voi ong kinh hep hon (4-6mm). Hanh lang hinh chu L can camera tai moi goc.
- •Bai do xe -- lan vao/ra can camera rieng de nhan dien bien so. Phu song chung bai do xe su dung camera goc rong o vi tri cao. Tinh khoang 1 camera cho moi 6-8 cho do xe de giam sat chung.
- •Boc xep va khu vuc nhan hang -- day la diem trom cap pho bien tai cac co so thuong mai. Moi cua boc xep can phu song, cong them camera tong the cho khu vuc tap ket.
Uu Tien 3: Phu Song Chung (Theo Ngan Sach)
Nhung khu vuc nay cung cap giam sat toan dien nhung co the bi gioi han khi ngan sach han che:
- •Khong gian mo -- mat bang ban le, loi di kho, van phong mo. Su dung bang phu song phia tren de tinh so camera dua tren tong so met vuong.
- •Cau thang va thang may -- mot camera moi tang cau thang, mot camera moi cabin thang may.
- •Hang rao chu vi -- camera bullet tam xa (6mm hoac dai hon) phu song duong hang rao, thuong mot camera moi 30-50 met tuy thuoc muc do chi tiet yeu cau.
So Luong Camera Toi Thieu Theo Loai Cong Trinh
Mac du moi bat dong san deu khac nhau, bang duoi day trinh bay so luong camera toi thieu tieu chuan theo loai va quy mo cong trinh. Cac con so nay gia dinh yeu cau an ninh tieu chuan va can duoc tang cho cac ung dung an ninh cao:
| Loai Cong Trinh | Quy Mo | So Camera | Trong Tam Dien Hinh |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nha Nho | 2-3 phong ngu | 4-6 | Diem vao, duong vao, san sau |
| Nha Lon | 4+ phong ngu | 6-10 | Toan bo chu vi, garage, vuon, ho boi |
| Cua Hang Nho | Duoi 200 m² | 6-12 | Loi vao, POS, loi di, kho |
| Cua Hang Trung Binh | 200-500 m² | 12-20 | Tat ca loi di, nhieu POS, khu hau can |
| Van Phong Nho | Duoi 300 m² | 8-14 | Loi vao, le tan, phong may chu, hanh lang |
| Kho Hang | 1.000 m²+ | 16-30+ | Loi di, boc xep, loi vao, khu gia tri cao |
| Bai Do Xe | ~50 cho | 8-12 | Lan vao/ra, hang xe, loi di bo |
Nhung con so nay la diem khoi dau cho an ninh tieu chuan. Moi truong rui ro cao nhu tiem vang, ngan hang, hieu thuoc hoac trung tam du lieu yeu cau mat do camera cao hon nhieu, thuong gap doi hoac gap ba so luong chung cho cua hang hay van phong.
Quy Tac Chong Lan 15-20%
Truong nhin cua cac camera lien ke nen chong lan 15-20% tai cac canh. Day la nguyen tac co ban cua thiet ke he thong CCTV chuyen nghiep, dam bao phu song lien tuc, khong khoang trong tren toan bo khu vuc giam sat.
Khong co su chong lan, cac ranh gioi ly thuyet cua truong nhin moi camera tao ra nhung dai khong gian khong duoc phu song. Trong thuc te, chat luong hinh anh giam dang ke tai cac canh ngoai cua truong nhin ong kinh do meo hinh thung va mat do pixel giam. Doi tuong hoac nguoi di qua nhung vung ranh nay co the khong nhan dang duoc hoac hoan toan bi bo sot.
Tai Sao Chinh Xac 15-20%?
- •Duoi 15% chong lan -- co kha nang xuat hien khoang trong trong dieu kien thuc te. Goc lap dat camera bi xe dich nhe theo thoi gian do gio, rung hoac va cham. Chi can lech 2-3 do co the tao vung chet neu chong lan qua mong.
- •15-20% chong lan -- diem toi uu. Dam bao lien tuc phu song dang tin cay voi so luong camera hieu qua. Cho phep dung sai lap dat va sai lech nho ve vi tri.
- •Tren 20% chong lan -- hieu qua giam dan. Ban tra tien cho phu song du thua lam tang chi phi ma khong cai thien dang ke an ninh, tru khi ung dung yeu cau ghi hinh tu nhieu goc (vi du: song bac).
Khi tinh tong so camera, hay tinh den su chong lan nay. Neu phep tinh tho dua tren chia dien tich phu song cho tong dien tich cho ket qua 10 camera, yeu cau chong lan thuong se tang so luong thuc te len 11-12 camera. Luon tot hon co it chong lan hon la bat ky khoang trong nao trong phu song.
Yeu To Moi Truong
Dieu kien moi truong anh huong truc tiep den so luong camera ban can va loai nao can trien khai. Khong tinh den nhung yeu to nay dan den camera ve ly thuyet phu song khu vuc nhung tao ra video khong su dung duoc.
Dieu Kien Anh Sang
Khu vuc thieu sang hoac khong co anh sang yeu cau camera co den hong ngoai (IR). Camera IR tieu chuan thuong cho hinh anh ro rang den 30-50 met trong bong toi hoan toan. Ngoai pham vi do, ban can camera IR mo rong (den 80-100m) hoac den chieu IR bo sung. Khu vuc toi cung co the can nhieu camera hon voi khoang cach gan hon vi pham vi IR gioi han khoang cach phu song hieu qua so voi moi truong duoc chieu sang tot.
Anh Huong Thoi Tiet
Camera ngoai troi phai co chuan bao ve IP67 hoac cao hon de chiu mua, tuyet, bui va am. Camera tai vung ven bien hoac gan ho boi can vo bao ve chong an mon bo sung. Dai nhiet do khac nghiet (-40 den +60 do C) yeu cau camera co bo suoi va quat tich hop. Anh huong thoi tiet khong truc tiep thay doi so luong camera, nhung chon sai camera cho moi truong gay hu hong thuong xuyen, theo thoi gian giam hieu qua so luong camera hoat dong.
Do Cao Lap Dat
Do cao lap dat camera anh huong dang ke den dien tich truong nhin. Camera lap o 3 met phu song nhieu dien tich san hon cung camera o 2,5 met, nhung khoang cach tang lam giam mat do pixel tren doi tuong. Do cao lap dat toi uu trong nha cho hau het ung dung la 2,8-3,2 met. Camera ngoai troi thuong lap o 3-4 met de chong pha hoai, dieu chinh tieu cu ong kinh de bu tru. Vi tri lap cao hon can nhieu camera hon de duy tri cung mat do pixel.
Vo Chong Pha Hoai
Tai cac khu vuc cong cong nhu cua hang ban le, truong hoc, bai do xe nhieu tang va toa nha cong cong, camera nen co vo chong pha hoai (chuan IK10). Camera dome duoc uu tien trong nhung moi truong nay vi vom che giau huong ong kinh, khien kho xac dinh camera dang nhin dau. Tai nhung khu vuc co nguy co pha hoai cao, xem xet them camera du phong phu song cung vung tu nhieu goc de dam bao phu song ngay ca khi mot camera bi hu hoac bi che.