Camera CCTV an ninh gia dinh: Huong dan thiet lap day du
Ngoi nha la tai san quy gia nhat cua ban, va mot he thong CCTV duoc thiet ke tot la mot trong nhung cach hieu qua nhat de bao ve no. Huong dan nay se dua ban qua moi quyet dinh -- tu viec chon dung loai camera, bo tri de dat do phu song toi da, chon luu tru ban ghi den tuan thu cac quy dinh ve quyen rieng tu.
Muc luc
Tai sao can CCTV gia dinh?
Dot nhap nha van la mot trong nhung toi pham tai san pho bien nhat tren toan the gioi -- hang trieu ngoi nha tro thanh muc tieu cua toi pham moi nam. Mot he thong CCTV duoc lap dat dung cach thay doi can ban phuong trinh rui ro doi voi ke dot nhap tiem nang va cung cap cho chu nha muc do nhan thuc va kha nang thu thap bang chung truoc day chi danh cho bat dong san thuong mai.
Ran de toi pham la loi ich chinh. Cac nghien cuu lien tuc cho thay rang nhung ngoi nha co camera an ninh nhin thay it bi dot nhap hon khoang 300% so voi nhung ngoi nha khong co giam sat nhin thay. Toi pham tien hanh do tham truoc khi dot nhap se tich cuc tim kiem camera va he thong bao dong. Mot camera nhin thay ro rang o cua truoc hoac loi vao cho thay tai san dang duoc giam sat, ghi hinh va kha nang nhan dien va bat giu thu pham cao hon nhieu. Hau het ke dot nhap co hoi se don gian chuyen sang muc tieu de hon.
Giam phi bao hiem la loi ich tai chinh cu the. Nhieu cong ty bao hiem cung cap giam toi 20% phi bao hiem cho cac bat dong san duoc trang bi he thong an ninh duoc chung nhan, giam sat chuyen nghiep voi CCTV. Ngay ca cac he thong tu giam sat voi ghi hinh cuc bo cung co the du dieu kien giam phi o mot so cong ty bao hiem. Trong suot vong doi cua he thong (thuong la 7-10 nam), nhung khoan tiet kiem nay co the bu dap mot phan dang ke cua khoang dau tu ban dau. Lien he voi cong ty bao hiem truoc khi mua de xac nhan thong so he thong nao du dieu kien giam gia.
Giam sat tu xa thay doi cach ban tuong tac voi tai san. Camera IP hien dai ket noi voi mang gia dinh va phat truc tiep video den ung dung dien thoai thong minh tu bat ky dau tren the gioi. Du ban dang o co quan, di nghi hay don gian la o phong khac, ban co the kiem tra nha theo thoi gian thuc. Thong bao day cho ban biet ve cac su kien chuyen dong, de ban biet ngay khi ai do den gan cua, vao loi di xe hay o san sau. Dieu nay dac biet co gia tri de theo doi giao hang, kiem tra xem tre co ve nha tu truong khong, hoac tram nom cac thanh vien gia dinh lon tuoi.
Thu thap bang chung rat quan trong khi xay ra su co. Neu dot nhap, pha hoai hoac toi pham khac xay ra bat chap hieu ung ran de, cac ban ghi cung cap cho co quan thuc thi phap luat bang chung ro rang de nhan dien va truy to thu pham. Camera do phan giai cao co the ghi lai duong net khuon mat, chi tiet quan ao, bien so xe va trinh tu chinh xac cua su kien. Nhung ban ghi nay cung vo gia cho cac yeu cau bao hiem, cung cap tai lieu khong the phan bac ve nhung gi da xay ra va nhung gi bi hu hong hoac bi danh cap.
Cac loai camera trong nha va ngoai troi
Chon dung loai camera cho moi vi tri la dieu quan trong. Moi truong trong nha va ngoai troi dat ra nhung thach thuc khac nhau co ban -- tiep xuc voi thoi tiet, dieu kien anh sang, yeu cau lap dat va can nhac tham my hoan toan khac nhau. Su dung camera trong nha o ngoai troi se dan den hong hoc som, trong khi su dung camera bullet ngoai troi lon o trong nha la cong kenh khong can thiet va xam pham ve thi giac.
Bang duoi day tom tat nam loai camera duoc su dung pho bien nhat trong he thong CCTV gia dinh, cung voi cac ung dung ly tuong, cap bao ve thoi tiet va khoang gia dien hinh:
| Loai | Su dung tot nhat | Cap IP | Khoang gia dien hinh |
|---|---|---|---|
| Dome trong nha | Phong khach, hanh lang, cau thang -- lap tran kin dao voi ong kinh goc rong | IP40-IP42 | $40-$120 |
| Mini/Cube trong nha | Ban lam viec, ke, phong tre -- nho gon va di dong voi am thanh hai chieu | IP20-IP30 | $25-$80 |
| Bullet ngoai troi | Loi di xe, tuong bao quanh, ranh gioi vuon -- tam xa voi hinh dang ran de nhin thay | IP66-IP67 | $60-$200 |
| Turret ngoai troi | Mai hien, hien, loi vao gara -- nho gon, it phan xa IR hon dome | IP65-IP67 | $50-$180 |
| PTZ ngoai troi | Vuon lon, bat dong san nhieu hecta -- xoay/nghieng/zoom de theo doi chu dong | IP66-IP67 | $150-$500 |
Hieu ve cap IP: Cap IP (Ingress Protection) la ma hai chu so cho ban biet chinh xac camera duoc bao ve tot nhu the nao truoc bui va nuoc. Chu so dau tien (0-6) chi dinh bao ve bui, chu so thu hai (0-9) chi dinh bao ve nuoc. Doi voi camera ngoai troi gia dinh, IP65 la tieu chuan toi thieu chap nhan duoc -- co nghia la camera hoan toan chong bui va duoc bao ve chong tia nuoc tu moi huong. IP67 them kha nang chiu ngam nuoc tam thoi (toi 1 met trong 30 phut), duoc khuyen nghi cho camera lap dat o nhung noi tiep xuc voi mua lon, he thong tuoi phun hoac nguy co ngap lut.
Doi voi hau het cac ngoi nha, su ket hop camera turret ngoai troi de phu song chu vi va camera dome hoac mini trong nha de giam sat noi that mang lai su can bang tot nhat giua hieu suat, tham my va chi phi. Tranh camera PTZ tru khi bat dong san cua ban vuot qua 1000 met vuong hoac ban co nhu cau giam sat chu dong cu the -- chung dat hon dang ke va yeu cau nguoi van hanh chuyen dung hoac phan mem theo doi tu dong tien tien de hoat dong hieu qua.
Cac khu vuc chinh can phu song
Khong phai moi met vuong cua bat dong san deu can phu song camera. Bo tri chien luoc tap trung vao cac diem vao, khu vuc co gia tri cao va vung de bi ton thuong cung cap bao mat toan dien ma khong can qua nhieu camera. He thong uu tien sau day se giup ban phan bo ngan sach vao noi co tac dong lon nhat.
Uu tien 1: Cac diem vao quan trong (bat buoc)
Day la nhung vi tri ma vu dot nhap bat dau. Moi he thong an ninh gia dinh phai phu song cac khu vuc nay nhu muc toi thieu tuyet doi:
- •Cua truoc -- day la vi tri camera quan trong nhat trong bat ky ngoi nha nao. Thong ke cho thay 34% ke dot nhap vao qua cua truoc. Camera o day can chup duoc hinh anh khuon mat ro rang cua moi nguoi den gan, ly tuong tu do cao 2,5-3 met, nghieng nhe xuong duoi. Ong kinh 2,8 mm hoac 4 mm cung cap su can bang tuyet voi giua chi tiet khuon mat va boi canh.
- •Cua sau va loi vao ben -- cua sau va cua ben la diem vao pho bien thu hai, dac biet vi chung thuong bi che khuat khoi tam nhin tu duong pho va su giam sat cua hang xom. Moi cua ngoai troi co the tiep can tu mat dat can co camera rieng.
- •Loi di xe va gara -- camera loi di xe phuc vu hai muc dich: ghi lai xe den gan (bao gom bien so voi ong kinh 6 mm+) va giam sat loi vao gara. Neu gara cua ban ket noi voi nha, no thuc su la mot diem vao khac va can phu song ca ben trong va ben ngoai cua gara.
Uu tien 2: Vung de bi ton thuong (khuyen nghi manh me)
Cac khu vuc nay la diem vao thu cap hoac vung co gia tri cao tang cuong dang ke the tran bao mat tong the cua ban:
- •San sau va vuon -- vuon sau thuong duoc ke dot nhap su dung lam khu vuc chuan bi, nhay qua hang rao va tiep can tu phia sau. Camera goc rong (ong kinh 2,8 mm) lap duoi mai hien sau phu song toan bo san sau va phat hien bat ky ai leo rao hoac tiep can cua so tang tret tu phia sau.
- •Cua so tang tret (che khuat khoi duong pho) -- cua so o ben nha, phia sau bui cay hoac bi hang rao che la cac diem vao chinh. Neu cua so khong nhin thay duoc tu hang xom hoac giao thong qua lai, no can phu song camera. Tap trung vao cac cua so co the tiep can ma khong can thang.
- •Cong va chu vi hang rao -- neu bat dong san cua ban co hang rao bao quanh hoac tuong co cong, camera tai cong ghi lai moi nguoi vao bat dong san truoc khi den nha. Dieu nay cho canh bao som nhat co the va ban ghi nhan dang ro nhat, vi moi nguoi thuong huong ve phia camera khi su dung cong.
Uu tien 3: Giam sat trong nha (neu ngan sach cho phep)
Camera trong nha phuc vu nhu tuyen phong thu thu hai neu chu vi bi xam pham, va cung giam sat cac su kien khong lien quan den dot nhap:
- •Hanh lang va cau thang -- mot camera duy nhat phu song hanh lang chinh hoac cau thang ghi lai moi nguoi di chuyen trong nha. Neu ke dot nhap vuot qua camera chu vi, camera hanh lang la phuong an du phong de nhan dien khuon mat va theo doi chuyen dong trong bat dong san.
- •Phong khach va khu vuc chung -- huu ich de giam sat tre em, thu cung hoac nguoi cham soc trong ngay. Cac camera nay thuong la loai mini/cube va co the dat tren ke hoac lap kin dao. Nhieu chu nha chi kich hoat chung khi nha khong co nguoi.
- •Phong ky thuat -- tang ham, phong chua do va loi di ben co the duoc su dung lam diem vao hoac chua thiet bi co gia tri (HVAC, tu dien, binh nuoc nong) duoc huong loi tu phu song camera co ban.
Co day va khong day tai nha
Day la mot trong nhung quyet dinh quan trong nhat ban se dua ra doi voi he thong CCTV gia dinh, va cau tra loi dung hoan toan phu thuoc vao tinh hinh cu tru cua ban. Ca hai cong nghe deu da truong thanh dang ke, nhung phuc vu cac truong hop su dung khac nhau.
| Yeu to | Co day (PoE) | Khong day (Wi-Fi) |
|---|---|---|
| Do tin cay | Tuyet voi -- khong nhieu tin hieu, ket noi on dinh | Tot -- de bi tac nghen Wi-Fi, gioi han pham vi va nhieu |
| Lap dat | Yeu cau di cap Cat5e/Cat6 den moi vi tri camera | Toi thieu -- gan camera, ket noi Wi-Fi, xong |
| Bang thong | Chuyen dung -- moi camera co ket noi 100 Mbps rieng | Chia se -- canh tranh voi tat ca thiet bi Wi-Fi khac trong mang |
| Nguon dien | Cung cap qua cap Ethernet (PoE) -- mot cap cho du lieu va dien | Pin (sac moi 2-6 thang) hoac can bo nguon |
| Chi phi | Ban dau cao hon (cap + switch PoE), chi phi lien tuc thap hon | Ban dau thap hon, chi phi lien tuc co the cao hon (pin, dang ky dam may) |
Khuyen nghi cho chu nha: Neu ban so huu nha va du dinh o lai vai nam, PoE co day la lua chon tot hon. No lam cong suc lap dat ban dau duoc dap lai bang do on dinh dang tin cay, khong can quan ly pin, khong canh tranh bang thong Wi-Fi va khong co chi phi dang ky lien tuc khi su dung NVR cuc bo. Mot cap Cat5e duy nhat cung cap ca dien va du lieu cho moi camera, va switch PoE 8 cong co ban chi co gia $60-$100.
Khuyen nghi cho bat dong san thue: Neu ban thue nha va khong the di cap qua tuong hoac khoan lo lap co dinh, camera khong day la lua chon thuc te. Camera khong day chay pin co the lap bang bang dinh hoac gia do nam cham, khong de lai dau vet khi chuyen di. Nhieu camera khong day hien dai cung cap do phan giai 2K hoac 4K tuyet voi qua Wi-Fi, nhung hay dam bao router cua ban co the xu ly tai bang thong bo sung.
Cach tiep can ket hop: Nhieu chu nha su dung camera PoE co day cho cac vi tri ngoai troi co dinh (cua truoc, loi di xe, san sau) va camera khong day cho giam sat trong nha linh hoat (phong tre, phong khach, vi tri tam thoi). Dieu nay ket hop do tin cay cua ket noi co day cho phu song ngoai troi quan trong voi su linh hoat cua khong day cho su dung trong nha.
Tu lap dat va lap dat chuyen nghiep
Thi truong he thong an ninh gia dinh tu lam da bung no trong nhung nam gan day -- he thong cam-va-chay cho phep bat ky ai thiet lap giam sat co ban. Tuy nhien, lap dat chuyen nghiep van cung cap nhung loi the dang ke cho cac cau hinh lon hon hoac phuc tap hon.
Khi nao tu lap dat hoat dong tot
- •1-4 camera -- he thong nho don gian de lap dat va cau hinh. Hau het ung dung camera khong day huong dan ban qua thiet lap trong duoi 10 phut moi camera.
- •Camera khong day hoac pin -- khong di cap, khong khoan qua tuong ngoai, khong cau hinh switch PoE. Gan, ket noi Wi-Fi va bat dau ghi.
- •Chu nha am hieu cong nghe -- neu ban thoai mai voi co ban mang (dia chi IP, chuyen tiep cong, cau hinh mang con), ban co the tu xu ly he thong PoE co day. Hau het NVR su dung phat hien tu dong cam-va-chay cho camera trong cung mang.
- •Nha mot tang -- di cap o mat dat hoac qua tran nha co the tiep can de hon nhieu so voi di cap trong nha nhieu tang.
Khi nao lap dat chuyen nghiep tot hon
- •5 camera tro len -- he thong lon hon yeu cau lap ke hoach mang can than, ngan sach nguon PoE phu hop, quan ly cap dung cach va cau hinh camera co he thong. Sai sot tang theo quy mo.
- •He thong co day trong nha nhieu tang -- di cap Cat5e/Cat6 qua tuong, tran va giua cac tang yeu cau cong cu va kinh nghiem. Di cap khong dung co the lam hong cach nhiet, cheo voi day dien hoac tao diem nuoc xam nhap.
- •Bo cuc bat dong san phuc tap -- toa nha hinh chu L, gara rieng, cong trinh phu rieng hoac bat dong san co kien truc bat thuong duoc huong loi tu khao sat hien truong chuyen nghiep de xac dinh vi tri camera toi uu va tranh diem mu.
- •Tich hop voi he thong bao dong -- ket hop CCTV voi bao dong chong trom hien co, khoa thong minh hoac dich vu giam sat yeu cau kien thuc ve giao thuc tich hop (ONVIF, RTSP) va co the cau hinh tuy chinh.
So sanh chi phi: Tu lap dat thuong tiet kiem 40-60% chi phi nhan cong. Doi voi he thong co ban 4 camera khong day, ban co the chi $300-$600 cho thiet bi va khong cho nhan cong. Cung he thong do voi lap dat chuyen nghiep co the mat $500-$1200 bao gom nhan cong. Tuy nhien, lap dat tu lam co rui ro bo tri camera khong toi uu -- camera lap sai do cao, sai goc hoac sai vi tri tao ra ban ghi co the vo dung cho nhan dien. Nguoi lap dat chuyen nghiep thuc hien khao sat hien truong, de xuat vi tri camera chinh xac va xac minh phu song truoc khi hoan thanh lap dat.
Cac tuy chon luu tru ban ghi
Moi khung hinh camera cua ban ghi duoc phai duoc luu tru o noi co the truy cap va dang tin cay. Phuong phap luu tru ban chon anh huong den thoi gian luu giu ban ghi, toc do truy cap va dieu gi xay ra neu thiet bi bi danh cap hoac hu hong.
NVR (Network Video Recorder) -- Luu tru cuc bo
NVR la thiet bi chuyen dung ghi va luu tru hinh anh tu camera IP tren o cung noi bo. Cho su dung gia dinh, NVR 4 kenh hoac 8 kenh voi o cung 2-4 TB thuong la du.
- +Khong phi dang ky hang thang -- chi phi phan cung mot lan
- +Kiem soat toan bo du lieu -- ban ghi khong bao gio roi khoi bat dong san cua ban
- +Khong tieu hao bang thong internet cho ghi hinh
- -Neu NVR bi danh cap hoac pha huy, tat ca ban ghi bi mat
- -Xem tu xa yeu cau chuyen tiep cong hoac cau hinh P2P
Luu tru dam may
Luu tru dam may tai ban ghi len may chu tu xa do nha san xuat camera hoac dich vu ben thu ba quan ly. Truy cap tu bat ky thiet bi nao co ket noi internet.
- +Ban ghi ton tai ngay ca khi camera va thiet bi bi danh cap hoac pha huy
- +Truy cap tu bat ky dau -- khong can chuyen tiep cong
- +Sao luu tu dong khong can bao tri nguoi dung
- -Chi phi dang ky hang thang ($3-$30 moi camera moi thang)
- -Yeu cau bang thong tai len du (2-5 Mbps moi camera cho 1080p)
- -Ben thu ba co the truy cap ban ghi cua ban -- anh huong quyen rieng tu
Luu tru ket hop (khuyen nghi)
Cach tiep can ket hop ket hop ghi NVR cuc bo cho ghi lien tuc do phan giai day du voi sao luu dam may cho cac su kien quan trong (clip kich hoat chuyen dong, canh bao). Dieu nay mang lai nhung gi tot nhat cua ca hai the gioi.
- +Ghi cuc bo lien tuc khong can dang ky cho luu tru co ban
- +Clip su kien quan trong duoc sao chep len dam may -- ton tai khi thiet bi bi danh cap
- +Tieu hao bang thong toi thieu vi chi clip su kien duoc tai len, khong phai luong lien tuc
Khuyen nghi thoi gian luu tru cho su dung gia dinh: Thoi gian luu giu 14-30 ngay la tieu chuan cho CCTV gia dinh. Hau het cac su co an ninh gia dinh duoc phat hien trong vai ngay va 30 ngay cung cap bo dem thoai mai. Voi he thong 4 camera 1080p ghi lien tuc o chat luong trung binh, o cung 2 TB luu tru khoang 14-21 ngay ban ghi. O cung 4 TB keo dai den 30-42 ngay. Neu su dung ghi kich hoat chuyen dong thay vi lien tuc, cung dung luong keo dai 3-5 lan lau hon.
Tam nhin ban dem va phat hien chuyen dong
Hau het cac vu dot nhap nha xay ra tu 22:00 den 3:00, khien tam nhin ban dem hieu qua tro thanh mot trong nhung tinh nang quan trong nhat cua bat ky he thong CCTV gia dinh nao. Quan trong khong kem la phat hien chuyen dong thong minh canh bao ban ve cac moi de doa thuc su trong khi loc cac bao dong gia tu dong vat, xe co va thoi tiet.
Tam nhin ban dem IR (hong ngoai)
Tam nhin ban dem IR tieu chuan su dung den LED hong ngoai tich hop trong camera de chieu sang canh bang anh sang ma mat nguoi khong nhin thay. Cam bien camera bat anh sang IR phan xa va tao ra hinh anh thang xam (den trang). Hau het camera an ninh gia dinh bao gom den LED IR co tam xa hieu qua 20-30 met, du de phu song loi di xe hoac san sau dien hinh. Tam nhin ban dem IR dang tin cay, da duoc chung minh va co mat trong hau nhu moi camera an ninh ngoai troi tren thi truong. Han che chinh la mat thong tin mau -- ban khong the xac dinh mau sac quan ao, xe co hoac cac doi tuong khac trong ban ghi IR.
Cong nghe ColorVu / Starlight
Camera tien tien voi tam nhin ban dem mau su dung cam bien hinh anh lon hon (thuong la 1/1.8" so voi tieu chuan 1/2.8") va ong kinh co khau do rong hon (F1.0 hoac F1.2) de chup hinh anh mau co the su dung trong dieu kien anh sang cuc ky yeu -- toi 0,001 lux. Mot so mau bo sung bang den LED trang tich hop kich hoat khi phat hien chuyen dong, cung cap ban ghi mau ngay ca trong bong toi hoan toan. Tam nhin ban dem mau cai thien dang ke gia tri bang chung cua ban ghi, vi ban co the xac dinh mau quan ao, mau xe va phan biet nhung nguoi trong tuong tu.
Phat hien chuyen dong thong minh
Phat hien chuyen dong co ban phan ung voi bat ky thay doi pixel nao trong khung hinh -- den pha xe qua, canh cay dao, mua, con trung gan ong kinh. Dieu nay tao ra hang chuc bao dong gia moi ngay va nhanh chong dan den met moi thong bao, khien ban bat dau bo qua tat ca canh bao bao gom ca nhung canh bao thuc. Camera hien dai voi phat hien chuyen dong thong minh dua tren AI phan loai doi tuong phat hien thanh nguoi, xe, dong vat hoac khac. Ban co the cau hinh canh bao chi cho phat hien nguoi va xe, thuong giam bao dong gia 90-95%. Mot so camera phan biet them khuon mat quen thuoc (thanh vien gia dinh) voi nguoi la, cho phep ban chi nhan canh bao khi phat hien nguoi la.
Cai dat thong bao
Cau hinh lich thong bao phu hop voi loi song cua ban. Hau het ung dung camera cho phep lich thoi gian (vd: canh bao chi tu 23:00 den 6:00), geofencing (canh bao chi khi dien thoai roi khoi khu vuc) va che vung phat hien (bo qua chuyen dong trong cac khu vuc cu the cua khung hinh nhu via he cong cong hoac duong dong duc). Bat dau voi cai dat nhay va giam dan do nhay cho den khi ban tim duoc su can bang giua bat su kien thuc va tranh bao dong gia.
Tich hop nha thong minh
Nhieu camera an ninh gia dinh tich hop voi Amazon Alexa, Google Home va Apple HomeKit, cho phep xem truc tiep tren man hinh thong minh (Echo Show, Nest Hub), dua camera vao cac quy trinh tu dong hoa (bat den hien khi phat hien chuyen dong) va su dung lenh giong noi de kiem tra camera. Khi chon camera, kiem tra tinh tuong thich voi he sinh thai nha thong minh hien co truoc khi mua. Chat luong tich hop khac nhau dang ke giua cac thuong hieu.
Cac van de quyen rieng tu
Lap dat camera CCTV tren bat dong san cua ban la hop phap o hau het moi khu vuc phap ly, nhung co nhung ranh gioi phap ly va dao duc quan trong ma moi chu nha phai hieu. Khong tuan thu cac quy dinh ve quyen rieng tu co the dan den bi phat, kien tung tu hang xom hoac bang chung bi coi la khong chap nhan duoc tai toa an.
Goc camera va quyen rieng tu cua hang xom
Camera cua ban khong duoc ghi hinh bat dong san, vuon, cua so hoac khong gian rieng tu cua hang xom. Khi dat vi tri camera, dieu chinh can than truong nhin de chi phu song bat dong san cua ban va cac khu vuc cong cong lien ke truc tiep (duong pho, via he). Hau het phan mem camera cho phep che cac vung cu the trong truong nhin, lam den cac khu vuc khong nen ghi hinh. Su dung tinh nang nay de loai tru bat dong san hang xom vao truong nhin ngoai vi cua camera. Ngay ca khi camera cua ban ky thuat ghi mot phan nho cua bat dong san lien ke, viec su dung che quyen rieng tu the hien thien chi va tuan thu phap luat.
Quy dinh ghi am
Ghi am chiu cac quy dinh nghiem ngat hon nhieu so voi ghi hinh o hau het cac khu vuc phap ly. O nhieu bang cua My va hau het cac nuoc EU, ghi am cuoc hoi thoai yeu cau su dong y cua tat ca cac ben duoc ghi (dong y hai ben). Ngay ca o cac khu vuc phap ly co dong y mot ben, ghi am cuoc hoi thoai ma ban khong tham gia (vd: hai nguoi noi chuyen tren loi di xe cua ban) co the vi pham luat nghe lom. Cach tiep can an toan nhat cho camera ngoai troi la tat hoan toan ghi am tru khi ban co tu van phap ly cu the rang dieu do duoc phep trong khu vuc phap ly cua ban.
Van de GDPR cho cu dan EU
Neu ban song o Lien minh Chau Au, Quy dinh Bao ve Du lieu Chung (GDPR) ap dung cho he thong CCTV gia dinh ghi hinh anh cua moi nguoi ngoai ranh gioi bat dong san cua ban -- bao gom nguoi giao hang, buu ta va khach bo tren duong cong cong. Theo GDPR, ban duoc coi la nguoi kiem soat du lieu va phai co co so phap ly de xu ly (thuong la "loi ich hop phap" cho bao mat nha), thong bao cho ca nhan rang dang ghi hinh (bang bien bao), tra loi yeu cau truy cap du lieu (SAR) trong vong 30 ngay va chi luu giu ban ghi khi can thiet. Trong thuc te, dieu nay co nghia la dat bien bao ro rang thong bao CCTV dang hoat dong, luu giu ban ghi khong qua 30 ngay va san sang chia se ban ghi voi bat ky nguoi nao co the nhan dang duoc ghi hinh boi camera neu ho yeu cau.
Bien bao nhin thay
Bat ke khu vuc phap ly cua ban la gi, hien thi bien bao ro rang thong bao CCTV dang hoat dong la thuc hanh phap ly tot nhat va thuc hanh bao mat tot nhat. Bien bao phuc vu nhu phuong tien ran de (tang cuong hieu ung phong chong toi pham cua camera) va cung cap thong bao phap ly cho bat ky ai vao bat dong san cua ban rang ho dang duoc ghi hinh. Dat bien bao o tat ca cac diem vao bat dong san -- cong truoc, loi vao loi di xe va tat ca cac loi di bo. Bien bao nen chi ra rang CCTV dang ghi hinh va bao gom thong tin lien lac cua nguoi kiem soat du lieu (ban).
Thuc hanh tot nhat cho camera trong nha
Camera trong nha khong bao gio nen dat trong phong ngu, phong tam hoac bat ky khu vuc nao cu dan co ky vong hop ly ve quyen rieng tu. Dieu nay ap dung ngay ca cho nha cua chinh ban neu co nguoi khac song (doi tac, tre em, ban cung phong, nguoi giu tre). Neu su dung camera trong nha o cac khu vuc chung nhu phong khach, bep hoac hanh lang, dam bao tat ca thanh vien ho gia dinh va khach thuong xuyen (nguoi don dep, nguoi giu tre, nha thau) biet ve su hien dien cua camera. Nhieu chu nha cau hinh camera trong nha chi hoat dong khi nha khong co nguoi, su dung geofencing dua tren vi tri dien thoai thong minh de tu dong hoa qua trinh nay.